Real fungal infections scarier than the 'Last of Us' fungus

Unmasking the Alarming Threat of Fungal Infections: The Rise of Mucormycosis and Candida auris

Backgrounds

With the premiere hit shows like the Last of Us and Stranger Things, the thoughts of fungal infections have been growing into the minds of the public. While the crazy creatures and nightmarish ghouls are shocking, they will (hopefully) remain in our imaginations. What truly scares me are the very real fungal infections that terrifies the healthcare industry.

Fungal infections, caused by a variety of fungi, are a growing concern for public health. These infections range from mild to life-threatening and can affect different parts of the body, including the skin, nails, mouth, respiratory tract, and bloodstream. In recent years, two specific types of fungal infections have raised alarm among healthcare professionals and the general public alike: mucormycosis and candida auris.

Mucormycosis, also known as zygomycosis, is a rare but severe fungal infection that primarily affects individuals with weakened immune systems. On the other hand, Candida auris is a newly emerged and highly resistant yeast that is rapidly spreading in healthcare facilities worldwide.

In this article, we will explore the alarming nature of these two fungal infections and the threat they pose to human health. We will look at the causes, symptoms, and risk factors associated with each infection, as well as their impact on healthcare systems. Additionally, we will discuss the challenges in diagnosing and treating these infections and the measures that can be taken to prevent and control their spread.

*WARNING: There will be some possibly disturbing pictures*

Mucormycosis

Mucormycosis is a type of fungal infection caused by molds from the Mucoraceae family such as Mucor or Rhizopus. These molds are commonly found in the environment and typically do not cause harm to healthy individuals. However, in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with diabetes, cancer, or transplant recipients and as of late, COVID-19 patients, these molds can lead to severe infections.

Signs and symptoms of mucormycosis vary depending on the location of the infection. Some common symptoms include black or discolored skin, pain, swelling, fever, and a headache. In more severe cases, the infection can spread to the sinuses, brain, and other parts of the body.

The complications of mucormycosis can be severe, with a high mortality rate in some cases. The fungal spores can spread rapidly through the bloodstream, leading to multiple organ failure and death if left untreated.

Diagnosis of mucormycosis is typically done through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, and laboratory tests. Treatment for mucormycosis typically involves antifungal medication and, in severe cases, surgical intervention to remove the infected tissue.

In conclusion, mucormycosis is a rare but potentially life-threatening fungal infection that affects individuals with weakened immune systems. It is important for healthcare professionals and the general public to be aware of the risk factors, symptoms, and necessary measures to prevent and control the spread of this infection.

Candida Auris

Candida auris is a type of yeast that has emerged as a major concern in healthcare settings globally. This yeast is resistant to multiple antifungal drugs and can cause serious infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Candida auris infections can manifest in different parts of the body, including the bloodstream, urinary tract, and wound infections. Symptoms can be mild or absent, making it difficult to diagnose without laboratory testing. Some common symptoms include fever, chills, and fatigue.

Risk factors for Candida auris include previous antifungal use, hospitalization, and exposure to contaminated surfaces in healthcare facilities. This yeast can spread rapidly in healthcare settings, leading to outbreaks and posing a significant threat to patient safety.

The severity of Candida auris infections can range from mild to life-threatening, with a high mortality rate in some cases. This yeast is also highly resistant to antifungal drugs, making it difficult to treat and increasing the risk of spread in healthcare settings. Treatment typically involves the use of antifungal drugs, although due to the high level of drug resistance, this may not always be effective.

Similar to the fungal infection that inspires the Last of Us, it is hypothesized that climate change is responsible for the recent evolution in this pathogen, although this is only an early hypothesis at the time of me writing this.

In conclusion, Candida auris is a highly resistant yeast that poses a significant threat to public health, particularly in healthcare settings. It is important for healthcare professionals and the general public to be aware of the risk factors, symptoms, and necessary measures to prevent and control the spread of this infection.

Conclusion

These infections can have severe consequences and can spread rapidly in healthcare settings.

Mucormycosis is a rare but life-threatening infection caused by molds in the Mucoraceae family. Symptoms include black or discolored skin, pain, swelling, and fever. Candida auris is a highly resistant yeast that can cause serious infections, particularly in healthcare settings, and is difficult to treat due to its resistance to antifungal drugs.

It is important for healthcare professionals and the general public to be aware of the risk factors, symptoms, and necessary measures to prevent and control the spread of these infections. This includes taking measures to control the spread of these fungi in healthcare settings, being vigilant for symptoms, and seeking prompt medical attention if infection is suspected.

I am happy that these types of infections are in popular media now to bring a healthy dose of fear to them. The threat is considered urgent by the CDC. Luckily, this isn’t the time of infection that spreads like a respiratory infection but we need to stay vigilant and focus on improved treatments or preventions for these dangers.